To calculate secondary losses caused by installation accessories, it is possible to compare the difference of pressures between measuring point upstream and downstream the element of interest.
It has to be subtracted the main losses due to the straight pipe segment.
When it is necessary to measure the pressure loss that occurs between two measuring points in different diameter pipes, it should be taken into account that not all static pressure difference corresponds to the pressure losses: this is due to the transformation from static to dynamic pressure because of the increasing speed.
The system contains all the possible configurations with 90° elbows, besides abrupt widening and narrowing and a gate valve.
These losses are read simultaneously through a gauge with multiple water columns; it displays clearly the difference between different types of bends, abrupt widening and narrowing, and valve.
