Vehicle electrical systems were relatively simple, containing just a few circuits for lighting, wiper and heater motors, and a points-type ignition system. The last years witnessed exceptional advances in electronics technology, which brought about a remarkable growth in the function of the electrical system so that a rapid increase in the number and complexity of electrical modules incorporated into vehicle resulted. Therefore, vehicle electrical wiring systems have become alarmingly complex, incorporating more and more connectors, terminals, relays and control units. The electrical systems on equipment used by De Lorenzo are designed to perform a variety of functions. The automotive electrical system contains three main electrical circuits such as charging, starting and ignition circuits. Apart of the main circuits, there are other circuits that power lights, electric motors, the sensors and gauges of electrical instruments, heating elements, magnetically operated locks, the radio and other accessory circuits. For this category, there are both simulators and demonstrators. The simulators deal with aspects such as the devices used in the electric plant of a car, the characteristics and the use of sensors, transducers and actuators used in a car analyzing their behavior and their structure, the electrical ancillary plants used in modern automobiles, the circuits and the electric components used in the industrial vehicles (buses, lorries, etc.), the electric power and starting systems with switching of the batteries and the passive safety devices used in the electrical plants of the vehicles. Troubleshooting’s and CAI software are provided in all of them. On the other hand, the demonstrators, that include real components, deal with aspects such as the main sensors and actuators normally used in the vehicles (MAP sensor, Knock sensor, Lambda sensor, oil pressure sensor, speedometer sensor, Oxygen sensor, oil level sensor, throttle control unit, air flow meter and many others), the functioning of the comfort system based on data transfer performed by CAN bus protocol and the structure and operation of lighting, wiper, horn, ignition, electric window, electric door lock , sound, start-up and charging systems. Some of the demonstrators is equipped with intelligent fault setting and troubleshooting. They are recommended for professional institutes, vocational schools and technical colleges.
